Project Management Methodologies for Principles - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management Methodologies for Principles. Answer: Defining project management methodologies Project management methodology is referred to as a process or guideline for those who are involved to the development of any project. Based upon the scope and requirement of the project it is necessary for the project managers to choose the most suitable project management methodology to accomplish the project. According to Kerzner and Kerzner (2017), project management methodology is practice, technique rather procedure that helps any organization or business during the development of any product or service in terms of project. There are some methodologies that define principle such as agile but some methodologies are there which defines full stack framework methodologies of different themes, principles and processes like prince2. Again there are some standard extensive list that defines all standard processes like PMIs PMBOK or XP and certain very simple process such as Scrum. For achieving the business goal and preliminarily planned results within the estimated schedule, budget and time the project should necessarily adopt the most suitable project management methodology (Joslin Mller, 2015). From the project initiation up to the project closure phase regardless of the trade field the project manager is required to assort methodologies to accomplish the project. Again Spundak (2014) stated that, project management methodology is a model or framework that project managers use for project planning, designing and integrating, implementing and closure to reach project objectives. It can be said that the overall performance level and capacity of the employees improves after the adoption of proper project management methodology. Chofreh et al. (2014), opined that project management methodology framework helps the project managers to make proper decisions. Serrador and Pinto (2015), stated that, methodology also helps to estimate the duration of the tasks and to break down a huge project in small segments. It helps to reduce the work load from the project team members and complete the task within lesser time and budget. With the implication f project management methodology the functions and operation of the project can be improved. In order to form improved functionality and project operations, methodology provides a systematic approach to the project managers and project management team members (Sohi et al., 2016). If the systematic phases are followed accordingly by the project team members then it can be said that the project will be completed successfully. In the project management practices different types of project management methodologies such as adaptive project framework, agile software development, and crystal methods, extreme programming, feature driven development etc and are frequently applied by different business organizations. According to Spundak (2014), methodology offers supportive and iterative approach to the project manager and project team members to meet the requirements and objective of the project. It is much focused on developing faster and higher level quality product. In order to develop the timeliness of any project, prototyping is the process which is widely used for re-using the components. Compare and contrast agile and project management body of knowledge Based on the project activity and requirements different project managers use different methodologies. In this section agile project methodology is nominated to make compare and contrast. PMBOK is a traditional project management methodology whereas; agile is one of the modern, iterative and modern project management methodologies. PMBOK is referred to as a sustainable framework that is widely used by the project manager for project scope management, contract management and many other aspects that are arguably lesser robust in case of PRINCE2 methodology. PMBOK fails to support successful decision making approach. Not only the project managers but also the senior managers and other parties also fail to make proper decision making with the PMBOK. However, with PMBOK project managers are seems to become the primary decision maker, project planner, issue solver and human resource managers also (Spundak, 2014). Figure 1: Agile project development methodology (Source: Joslin Mller, 2015, pp-1378) The phases followed in PMBOK methodology contain initiation, planning, execution and closure. Whereas; Agile project manager is referred to as a distinct program from the PMBOK and PRINCE2. Agile methodology is a flexible one that helps to produce better deliverable regardless of the need of sustainable changes. The overall risk of a project can be substantially reduced because it helps to segment an overall project in small segments. However, the main issue associated to agile model states that, if it is not completely grasped then the methodology itself will lead the project to unattainable expectation. Identification of the way through which agile methodology is related to Project Life Cycle (PLC) From the project management and program management perspectives it can be said that, project management methodology acts as a contrivance for deploying a successful project. The Agile methodology is consists of requirements, project planning, designing, development, execution, tracking, monitoring and closure which implies that the Agile methodology expands the scope of a project and provides detail outcomes. This is focused on continuous improvement and mainly used for developing software projects (Galvan et al., 2015). Agile methodology shows iterative improvement and the phases followed in this methodology include iterative planning, continuous review and testing, adaptive teams, dynamic requirement gathering and dynamic testing. It reduces the overall complexity of any project through breaking down the project structure in smaller segments. Agile software development lifecycle is consists of 6 different phases such as concept, inception, iteration, transition, production and retirement those are needed to be followed accordingly by the project manger to make sure that a project is completely successful (Sohi et al., 2016). In this methodology it is not necessary all time that after completion of one step the next step will be started rather as it is a iterative methodology continuous and frequent changes are managed with this methodology. References Chofreh, A. G., Goni, F., Shaharoun, A. M., Ismail, S. (2015). A review on sustainability transformation roadmaps using project management methodology.Advanced Science Letters,21(2), 133-136. Conforto, E. C., Salum, F., Amaral, D. C., da Silva, S. L., de Almeida, L. F. M. (2014). Can agile project management be adopted by industries other than software development?.Project Management Journal,45(3), 21-34. Galvan, S., Mora, M., OConnor, R. V., Acosta, F., Alvarez, F. (2015). A compliance analysis of agile methodologies with the ISO/IEC 29110 project management process.Procedia Computer Science,64, 188-195. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Serrador, P., Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work?A quantitative analysis of agile project success.International Journal of Project Management,33(5), 1040-1051. Sohi, A. J., Hertogh, M., Bosch-Rekveldt, M., Blom, R. (2016). Does lean agile project management help coping with project complexity?.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,226, 252-259. Spundak, M. (2014). Mixed agile/traditional project management methodologyreality or illusion?.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, 939-948.

Sample Archaeology Essay Test Questions

Sample Archaeology Essay Test QuestionsThese sample Archaeology essay test questions are designed to test your ability to write properly and assess your knowledge of the subject. It is important to remember that these are not meant to be a substitute for actual assignments. They are designed to make sure that you do well on your sample essay test.If you don't get it right you will lose points, so make sure you give good grades to your sample essay. Some of the questions can be answered in a way that is not obvious to a layman, so if you get it wrong there's no need to be worried.Now these are not just written samples, some of these sample test questions can actually be used as examples to answer on your own. Try to follow what you are reading and see if you get it right or not. I am certain that most would agree that making mistakes is expected and it doesn't matter if they are errors at all.Another important point is that the sample Archaeology essay test questions here are meant to help you answer the problem. They are not saying that you must do something. You don't have to be a genius to answer them; you just have to be able to work within the parameters of your understanding of the subject.The questions are put up with this in mind and trying to guess what the question is asking for can actually work against you because you will tend to oversimplify the situation. The questions in the sample archaeology essay test questions are meant to help you identify the real problems and get your point across in a better way.It is also a good idea to take an online course, as many of the top universities offer these courses. This will give you a basic understanding of the subject and will help you create an outline of the history of the topic.This will also give you the opportunity to explore the written history of the subject and learn how it is being used in the present day. You may even use the book written by the top archaeologists to try to answer the test questi ons.While studying these sample question will make it much easier to understand the questions, it is important to answer them correctly. If you are in a slump with your job, the tests can help you see how to respond better and answer the questions properly.

Latest Trends free essay sample

Information Technology (IT) is enriched with opportunities and has become one of the most well known industries for never ending change. For anyone working with or involved in IT today the pace at which technology changes is frighteningly fast. A technology that is leveraged today could be completely outdated in only a few years. The ability to quickly learn and adapt to these new technologies will provide both individuals and companies with the ability to succeed. Failure to maintain the pace of new technology as it evolves will simply provide an opening for other competitor to embrace this new technology before you. Information Technology Virtualization One of the newest trends in IT is the use of virtualization. Before the advent of virtualization companies would spend considerable amounts of money on individual servers with which they used to both store information and run their applications. Each of these servers came at what might appear to be a relatively affordable upfront cost but the ongoing cost of maintaining those servers including power and people to manage and repair them resulted in a significant cost for all companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Latest Trends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A better way to manage these servers was developed with the ability to take a single server and virtualized it into a number of logical servers each appearing to the user as a single computer. This eliminated the need for individual servers for every project in the organization and provided a method by which one server could meet the needs of many different groups within the organization (Search CIO. com. , n. d. ). The beauty of this approach is that to the technology teams these servers appear as a server dedicated only to them. Because servers aren’t used at 100% utilization at all times the ability to virtualize saves cost and provides ample computing power as needed. These machines can also be expanded and additional memory or storage space allocated for particular clients on that machine that need those resources. The disadvantage to this technology is that there are typically significant startup costs and the organization is dependent upon an outside firm to maintain their presence in the virtual world. Information Technology Outsourcing Another trend in IT is the actual outsourcing of IT services to other organizations. If a company produces a product they may be very good at producing that product but they may not be good at managing an IT infrastructure including servers, hardware and the people necessary to ensure the components all work well together as a strategic advantage for the organization. Because of this many companies have begun to outsource things such as mail servers, application and file servers as well as storage to other organizations that specialize in those particular applications as a way to eliminate or minimize the need for a dedicated IT staff within the organization. If a company can reduce the number of IT staff members and get the same product from an outsourced organization for a significantly lower price than the organization wins as a whole as the company providing the service can do it in a manner that is much more efficient than trying to hire and maintain IT staff. This is known as ITaaS or Information Technology as a Service which is a growing trend used by many organizations especially those that are smaller in size. The drawback to ITaaS is that in many cases the IT organization provides a competitive advantage that is lost when everyone uses the same IT infrastructure. If competitors A B both outsource to the same company then there is little competitive advantage that can be gained. Cloud Technology Finally, the one trend that has completely changed everything about IT and the role it plays to consumers, companies and IT organizations is the cloud. While in the past the focus was on providing individuals with the ability to store their information on ever form of storage possible, such as local computers. There is now a huge demand to take that information and store it somewhere where it is accessible at any time, any place and at a very low cost. This provides the ability for IT organizations to be everywhere at once. No longer does someone who wants to store a document need to store it or transfer it between devices. They can simply save a copy of the document in the cloud and it will be available on any of their devices at any time and the copy is a single copy that doesn’t need to be updated on any other device. Cloud technology may appear to simply move data off servers within an organization to an outside supplier or data center. This is true but in the case of the cloud that information doesn’t necessarily have to be stored for every single occurrence. A great example is something like a song Apple would sell on iTunes. If a million people want to buy a new song and have it available in the cloud Apple doesn’t have to store a million copies like would be in the traditional case. In this particular example they simply store a single copy of that song and then share it with millions of users. The beauty for the customer is that the song is available everywhere, the company gains the advantage of making the song easily accessible and provides a single storage method that reduces the cost for both the company and the end consumer allowing companies to become more profitable. Virtually every organization now supports some of their applications in the cloud as a way to remove the need to store and maintain information locally or in a single physical location. Replication and backup of information stored in the cloud is also a significant advantage as backups can be safely maintained (Balisterieri, T. , n. d. ). For organizations they now too have the ability to rely on other companies to basically house their storage infrastructure in a manner that is available to them at any time and at a much lower cost than they would have if the information was maintained locally. Downsides to the cloud are minimal as currently companies and consumers all want their information available everywhere. The primary concern is around securing the cloud as information is available somewhere other than within the physical confines of the corporate data center. Integrating Cloud Technology Implementing cloud technology within the organization can be accomplished in a number of ways. The first step for most companies is to move email management to a company such as Google to manage email. This eliminates the need for servers to maintain this information as well as the staff necessary to ensure accounts are maintained. The cost of providing email service would in most cases be substantially less than attempting to maintain the infrastructure locally (Balisterieri, T. , n. d. ). In addition to email services comes the need for a form of a document management system. In many cases companies need a way to securely store their proprietary information in a manner that provides access from anywhere but securely. Moving to a product like SharePoint can allow the organization to migrate all of their document storage needs to a cloud based server with integrated security. Finally, the company can work to start moving applications from within their application servers to servers housed at Amazon or other online providers such that again the need for local IT resources is reduced while partnering with a cloud company that can maintain the infrastructure necessary to provide the services needed for the organization. Conclusion The society we live in is an information society, flooded with technology that focuses on communication. Technology uses devices such as the telephone, satellite communication, radio, cellular technology, wireless internet, etc. as a way to connect people not matter where you are located. The emergence of new technology will continue to replace old technology as new innovative ideas continue to shape our world. The key for organizations today is to quickly embrace these new technologies to prepare for future innovations and be competitive in ever changing market.

Free Essays on A Circus Surrounded By Death

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, he creates different scenes that contrast the previous scene. One of these contrasts occurs in 5.1, in the graveyard. The common reader has preconceived perceptions of a graveyard. Those opinions consist of mostly unpleasant thoughts and images. Before the graveyard, Shakespeare created a dramatic scene which consisted of Queen Gertrude telling Laertes that his sister, Ophelia had drowned. Gertrude says, â€Å"One woe doth tread upon another’s heel, / So fast they follow. Your sister’s drown’d Laertes† (4.7.163-164). Shakespeare has created a somber mood already which adds to 5.1 right off by talking about a graveyard. However, it is at this point that Shakespeare twists the play’s mood. Act five, scene one, opens with two â€Å"gravediggers† who are considered â€Å"clowns.† The purpose of these characters is to act as a comic relief. This is necessary after the tension of Ophelia’s death and the tone of most of the play. Just a few lines before, Queen Gertrude gave a very depressing image of Ophelia, â€Å"When down her weedy trophies and herself / Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, / And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up† (4.7.174-176). Right after the reader reads this image, the play moves to â€Å"clowns† digging a grave. They go back-and-forth discussing why the corpse is being given a â€Å"Christian Burial.† The â€Å"clowns† chatter amongst each other about the situation, â€Å"Is she to be buried in Christian burial when / she willfully seeks her own salvation? / I tell thee she is, therefore make her grave / straight. The crowner hath sate on her and finds it Christian burial† (5. 1.1-5). The chit-chat about something that meant so much to another person previously, creates a little humor for the reader. It makes the reader lighten up about something that was formerly so dramatic. The â€Å"clowns† continue to talk to each other, still pondering why she was receivi... Free Essays on A Circus Surrounded By Death Free Essays on A Circus Surrounded By Death In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, he creates different scenes that contrast the previous scene. One of these contrasts occurs in 5.1, in the graveyard. The common reader has preconceived perceptions of a graveyard. Those opinions consist of mostly unpleasant thoughts and images. Before the graveyard, Shakespeare created a dramatic scene which consisted of Queen Gertrude telling Laertes that his sister, Ophelia had drowned. Gertrude says, â€Å"One woe doth tread upon another’s heel, / So fast they follow. Your sister’s drown’d Laertes† (4.7.163-164). Shakespeare has created a somber mood already which adds to 5.1 right off by talking about a graveyard. However, it is at this point that Shakespeare twists the play’s mood. Act five, scene one, opens with two â€Å"gravediggers† who are considered â€Å"clowns.† The purpose of these characters is to act as a comic relief. This is necessary after the tension of Ophelia’s death and the tone of most of the play. Just a few lines before, Queen Gertrude gave a very depressing image of Ophelia, â€Å"When down her weedy trophies and herself / Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, / And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up† (4.7.174-176). Right after the reader reads this image, the play moves to â€Å"clowns† digging a grave. They go back-and-forth discussing why the corpse is being given a â€Å"Christian Burial.† The â€Å"clowns† chatter amongst each other about the situation, â€Å"Is she to be buried in Christian burial when / she willfully seeks her own salvation? / I tell thee she is, therefore make her grave / straight. The crowner hath sate on her and finds it Christian burial† (5 .1.1-5). The chit-chat about something that meant so much to another person previously, creates a little humor for the reader. It makes the reader lighten up about something that was formerly so dramatic. The â€Å"clowns† continue to talk to each other, still pondering why she was receivi...

Qualitative critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qualitative critique - Essay Example The study population is well defined; old people with multiple sclerosis (Ploughman et al., 2012). The abstract outlines the purposes, methods used to conduct the study, the results of the data collected, and the conclusions. The abstract in this study is in itself adequate. It presents the whole research from the objectives of the research, through the whole process and presents a conclusion of study at the end. The highlights on the purposes of the study outline what the study is all about, and this is critical in the beginning of any research where the reasons for conducting the research should be presented to the readers before the main body to give the guidelines on what to expect. The outlines on the methods used and the results of the data collected give the reader insight on the whole process and all the techniques applied during the research operation. The conclusions in the abstract highlight the whole process operations, findings and recommendations. The abstract gives an overview of the whole research paper; from the introduction through to conclusion (Fong, Finlayson, & Peacock, 2006). The researchers, Michelle Ploughman and the clue are from the Eastern Health faculty of medicine from the Memorial University. They work in coalition with the people who are disabled of St. John’s Newfoundland from the Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland. From the institutions they work with, it is clear that they are closely affiliated with the medical field. The institutions that these companies work with are well reputed in matters dealing with medicine and hence they can undertake the studies on patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Also, the study was supported by the personnel in the faculty of medicine, Memorial University. Also, the authors had the support of Center of the Applied Health Research in Canada and the healthcare foundation. This further indicates clearly that the researchers were qualified to undertake the study to warrant the support of the reputable departments from the faculty of medicine. This is an article in Physiotherapy journal, Canada, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 6-17 (Ploughman et al., 2012). The problem in this research has been stated clearly. It is stated that the problem has been more prevalent among women more than in men. Some years after the diagnosis, we learn that the course becomes chronologically progressive, and after twenty years, most people rely on mobility aids. As a result, there is a need for carrying out research to facilitate the understanding on the natural history of the MS management from the perspective of older people and help the older people as well as to help the participants alleviate fearful feelings associated with MS diagnosis. The research team decided on a qualitative study after considering the aims of the study, they also considered the literature, advocacy and discussions with MS patients. The philosophical underpinning in this research is demonstrated where the effo rts by health providers are described as uni-lateral, misdirected and futile hence the need for establishing how to help people suffering from MS, to enhance self-management. The health professionals are called upon to facilitate self-management instead of obscuring it (DalMonte, Finlayson, & Helfrich, 2004). The purpose of the research is explicitly defined. It is clearly stated in the abstract that the study sought for exploring the experience of older people who are ageing with multiple sclerosis in order to describe the self-management history

Petroleum Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Petroleum Engineering - Essay Example The Kolga sands had been remobilized under the burial which led to sand fluidization and injection along weakness zones. On seismic sections, injection wings appeared cross cutting what surrounded seismic reflection, this was considered as an artifact. They launched the development of the Nini east field in 2009 with a drilling campaign which included two horizontal and one injection in Kolga sand. The main reason for using this kind of approach was to increase the percentage of horizontal section in pay while avoiding the sele shale and maintaining the oil water contact. They also decided that it was crucial to get a better handle on seismic data to plan for the two upcoming wells. The seismic data was processed and inverted to improve the imaging of the injectable sands The understanding of the reservoir and its heterogeneity was greatly improved with the use of the new generation deep directional electromagnetic tool which was the LWD and the new processing method. This tool was critical in refining the reservoir model and ultimately for the management of this field in the long

Professor Questions Essay Example for Free

Professor Questions Essay 1. Discuss how astronomers compare the stars. There may be several terms astronomists use to compare stars, including luminosity, flux, energy flux, apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. Luminosity is the total amount of energy given from a body every second, measured in Watts Energy flux is the flow of energy out from a particular surface area and is measured in Watts per meter square. Observed flux – As the radius of the circle placed around the radiating object increases, the flow of energy per meter square would decrease.    The observed flux would be higher if the radius of the circle is less (inverse square law) Apparent Magnitude is the amount of light that is received from a particular star.   It is determined using the luminosity of the star and the distance from us.   The apparent magnitude would be low for a brighter object. Absolute magnitude is the amount of light that is received from a particular object when the object is placed at a distance of 10 par secs (AB’s Astronomy Lab, University of Columbia, 2002). 2. From nebulae, stars are formed. Discuss the factors that affect the gestation time for the birth of protostars. The nebulae from which clouds form are nothing but clouds of dust and gas.   They slowly begin to contract to begin the process of star formation.   The mass is known as the ‘protostars’ and it would continue to condense and slowly heat up.   Once it reaches a critical mass phase, the nuclear fusion reaction takes place hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, two protons and tremendous amounts of energy.   Once this phase begins, the star is born. Factors that affect gestation time for the birth of protostars †¢ Gravity of the passing star (external energy to help star formation) †¢ Shockwave from a nearby supernova (external energy to help star formation) †¢ Heating by contraction (Giant molecular clouds need to contract to heat up and begin the thermonuclear processes) †¢ Magnetic fields available (helps in contraction) †¢ Rotation or angular momentum of the protostars †¢ Size of the star (smaller stars live longer than larger stars as they take longer to burn their fuel) (Sea Sky, 2008, UNT, 2008) 3. Discuss how a stars life affected by its `fuel`? Once the protostar gets heated up, nuclear fusion reaction begins (thermonuclear processes), and the star now enters its stable phase.   The star would be combating gravitational collapse by fusing atoms together and forming energy.   The star’s life span depends on how much of matter it actually contains.   The process of nuclear fusion in the stars would involve conversion of hydrogen to helium, helium to carbon, until iron is formed.   Once iron is formed, the energy required to fuse iron is much higher and hence the reaction stops.   Larger stars tend to use up larger amounts of fuel compared to smaller stars, and hence would live much shorter. Several large stars in the universe live for about a few hundreds of thousands of years.   As smaller stars would be spending their fuel much more slowly, they would live for billions of years.   Once a star’s fuel gets exhausted, it would transform into a red supergiant (expanding in size), and would be present for sometime.   The star would then collapse, as the force of the nuclear reactions is not effective to combat the force of gravity.   Some of the stars blow away, to form planetary nebulae.   The core of the star would contain some amount of fuel which would burn as white dwarf.   Once they completely burn away, they would remain as a dark ball known as a ‘black dwarf’.   Some massive stars may trigger a violent explosion, known as ‘supernova’ (Airty Nothing, 2008 Sea Sky, 2008). 4. Discuss basic ideas of the main sequence chart (Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram). The HR diagram is basically a graph in which the luminosity of the stars (absolute magnitude) is charted against the surface temperature (color).   This chart was discovered separately by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell in the 1910’s.   This was following several scientists query whether the temperature of the object could be determined from the color of radiation it emitted.